DuraSeal Weathered Oak Stain; DuraSeal Silvered Gray Stain; Bona Drifast Stain . The Finish We Chose. You may not be aware of the fact that white oak floors do not need to be stained. The stain alone does not protect the floors, just adds color. The seal is what protects your floors from traffic and spills. The choice of going with a stain is a ...Mar 29, 2022 · Using Red Oak In 2022. Red oak was very popular during times when certain stains and finishes were trendy (hi orange floors of the ’90s!). That being said, red oak isn’t out of style and orange floors aren’t your destiny if you have red oak floors. There are ways to stain the oak to minimize or even hide the orange undertones. When it comes to kitchen remodeling, one of the most important decisions you’ll have to make is choosing the right cabinets. Solid oak kitchen cabinets are a popular choice for man...Check out Varathane Weathered Gray – our full review & how it looks on 6 types of wood! Gray wood stain is a cool option for your DIY woodworking projects. Gray wood can look beachy, rustic, or modern. It’s a fun color to play around with. I was really excited to test out my favorite 8 gray wood stain colors on 6 …Contact a rep to learn more about our water-based finishes and get a product demo. . Architectural Specifications. Home. Products. Resources. Stain Gallery. Distributor Locator. Request Demo.Today I'm finally sitting down to explain the stain mixture that we used on our red oak hardwood floors! This post contains affiliate links. For my full ...Oct 16, 2023 ... STAIN COLOR COMBO: Combine Minwax's Early American and Weathered Oak for the perfect stain color. 1.1K views · 4 months ago ...more ...Minwax 70047 Weathered Oak Interior Stain, 1-Quart, Wood Finish by Minwax. $29.99 $ 29. 99 ($0.94/fl oz) FREE delivery Aug 30 - Sep 5 . Or fastest delivery Thu, Aug 31 . Minwax PolyShades Wood Stain + Polyurethane Finish – ½ Pint, Classic Black, Gloss. 4.5 out of 5 stars 4,320.Oak television stands have become a popular choice among homeowners for their durability, timeless appeal, and versatility. Whether you are looking to upgrade your living room or b... Contact a rep to learn more about our water-based finishes and get a product demo. . Architectural Specifications. Home. Products. Resources. Stain Gallery. Distributor Locator. Request Demo. Minwax 70047 Weathered Oak Interior Stain, 1-Quart, Wood Finish by Minwax. $29.99 $ 29. 99 ($0.94/fl oz) FREE delivery Jun 28 - 30 . Or fastest delivery Wed, Jun 28 . More results. Minwax 710470000 Finish Penetrating Interior Wood Stain, 1 Gallon (Pack of 1), Weathered Oak, 128 Fl Oz. Shop Minwax Wood Finish Oil-based Weathered Oak Satin Interior Stain (Half-Pint Size Container) in the Interior Stains department at Lowe's.com. Minwax Wood Finish is a penetrating, oil-based stain that enhances wood grain with rich color in just one coat. Ideal for unfinished wood furniture, cabinets, OAKED wood stain is a VOC free, water-based interior stain ... Each layer or stain will get darker. WOOD SPECIES ... WHITE OAK. RED OAK. DOUG FIR. DOUG FIR - VG.Stain Choices . Furniture that you choose to have stained will be finished with a high quality oil-based Minwax stain. This chart is used with permission from www.minwax.com. ... Weathered Oak 270. Classic Gray 271. Honey 272. Espresso 273. True Black 274. Simply White 275 : Jacobean 2750 :Above: 5” plank #1 red oak with minwax weathered oak stain with water based sealer. source. Above: Red oak flooring with a Duraseal Country White. Pros and Cons. Red oak is stain friendly and will soak up stains easily due to the porous nature, but the yellow undertones are not currently in vogue and what a lot of people try to mask. … Designed for interior wood surfaces such as furniture, cabinets, doors, trim and more. For long-lasting protection, apply a Varathane polyurethane top coat. Covers up to 150 sq. ft. per quart. Semi-transparent formula. Wide color assortment - match colors to previously stained projects. Final coat dries in 4 hours. Dec 31, 2019 · If you’re overwhelmed with stain choices, my biggest piece of advice is to avoid any white oak stain that has gray in it. Gray is a passing trend on its’ way out. Flooring is a large investment to make on the whim of a passing trend! Gray can leave the room feeling cold and sterile, instead of cozy. Feb 3, 2022 · Check out Varathane Weathered Gray – our full review & how it looks on 6 types of wood! Gray wood stain is a cool option for your DIY woodworking projects. Gray wood can look beachy, rustic, or modern. It’s a fun color to play around with. I was really excited to test out my favorite 8 gray wood stain colors on 6 types of wood so you can ... Minwax Weathered Oak; Minwax Special Walnut; Varathane Provincial; Weathered Oak is the lightest but Provincial is a really pretty color on poplar. One might say it’s more of a medium-toned color rather than light. Best Mid-Dark Stains for Poplar. Here is where things got interesting! I was so shocked at …Contact. My Stain Choice for Red Oak Floors. Nov 9. Written By Johanna Beach. Choosing to refinish your hardwood floors is an investment and choosing the stain color, in my experience, can be very stressful. The day my floors were being stained, I was so stressed at work, I couldn’t focus at all on what I was supposed to be doing.Farmhouse Weathered Oak Wooden 4-Light Orb Chandelier offers a rustic element into your home. Works with a variety of trending design styles from urban farmhouse to industrial. ... Available in gray oak or dark oak stain. We use a wire-brushing technique to distress the oak veneer and create a unique weathered effect. By removing the softer ...Vermont Plank Flooring. Character grade white oak flooring in 6-inch widths. Our wide plank white oak flooring is available in widths up to 15" and lengths up to 14', with end-matching up to 12". Available unfinished or pre-finished to your specifications. ----- Call 877-645-4317. I, like so many others, am facing the conundrum of achieving a not-too-warm medium brown stain on my red oak floors. I like provincial, but it reads a little warm for my taste. I tried some mixes with classic gray, but it makes the color dull-looking, IMO. I’ve read that mixing in weathered oak can achieve a similar cooling effect, so I’m ... Varathane 8 oz. Weathered Oak Classic Wood Interior Stain (4-Pack) provides a rich natural color that beautifully enhances the wood grain. Applies easily with high quality synthetic brush, lint-free cloth or foam applicator. Customize color or achieve a darker color by adding additional coats.MW270. COLOR INFORMATION. FAMILY. White. Opacity. Solid. Always test stain on a hidden area of the wood to verify desired color. Wood species will impact final color. …Stains, rips or tears, seam separation, and more are covered. Defects in materials or workmanship covered after the manufacturer warranty expires. ... Acme Leventis Trestle Dining Table in Weathered Oak . Visit the Acme Furniture Store. 2.6 2.6 out of 5 stars 11 ratings. $570.57 $ 570. 57. Delivery & Support Select to learn more . Ships from Only apply the stain in one direction. Applying it back and forth will not give you a nice, even coat of color. Use a soft, lint-free cloth to wipe away the excess stain. Wipe in one direction to ensure that you get an even coat! Allow yourself a few hours to let the stain dry before applying a second coat. When it comes to kitchen remodeling, one of the most important decisions you’ll have to make is choosing the right cabinets. Solid oak kitchen cabinets are a popular choice for man...Dec 11, 2023 · The Best Wood Stains for Oak. So here we are, the best of the best! Here are all the best wood stains, from my experiment, for oak. I would love to know which one of these is your favorite! Please let me know in the comments! Minwax Jacobean. Minwax Red Mahogany. Minwax Dark Walnut. Minwax Espresso. Varathane 1 qt. Western Oak Premium Fast Dry Interior Wood Stain provides high quality color in 1 coat to enhance the natural beauty of interior wood surfaces. Fast drying formula dries in 1 hour and uses nano pigments to offer superior color and coverage. Superior wood stain saves time, energy and provides a great value. Easy to apply with a good quality …This item: Minwax 70047 Weathered Oak Interior Stain, 1-Quart, Wood Finish by Minwax. $2999 ($0.94/fl oz) +. Minwax 618604444 Color Wash Transparent Layering Color, White Wash, 1 Quart. $2467 ($0.77/Fl Oz) Total price: Add both to Cart. These items are shipped from and sold by different sellers. Show details.Jan 31, 2022 ... The sample of Weathered Oak looks a bit splotchy here but this light gray finish reminds me of beach wood. It has some blue undertones but is an ...Oak television stands have become a popular choice among homeowners for their durability, timeless appeal, and versatility. Whether you are looking to upgrade your living room or b...$ 23 96. /case. Timeless color in a penetrating wood wiping stain. Classic wood finish - layer coats to achieve rich, natural color. Wood stain recoats in 2 hours and covers 150 sq. ft. …Are you ready to make your dreams come true? Post Oak Toyota in Midwest City, OK is the perfect place to start. With a wide selection of new and used vehicles, as well as a knowled...Weathered Oak(#163) - 1 oz. ($7.95) In Stock : Early English Oak Gray(#167) - 1 oz. ($7.95) In Stock : Jacobean ... How your stain will ultimately appear on the finished piece depends on several factors: the dilution of the stain, the method by which it was applied, the absorbency of the material, how the top coat looks, etc. Always test your ...Weathered Oak is a stain by Minwax. It is light gray in color and has a lot of white undertones. I really, really love the look of Weathered Oak. It is not over powering – the grain of the wood really still shows through. However, it adds just the right amount of interest, highlights, and contrast to the wood.Jul 18, 2023 · Apply Evenly: Whether using a brush, cloth, or applicator pad, it's essential to apply the stain evenly, following the grain of the wood. Avoid leaving puddles or uneven patches, resulting in an inconsistent finish. 4. Wipe Off Excess: After applying the stain, allow it to sit for a few minutes to penetrate the wood. Available in over 500 nature-inspired shades. All-weather defense in one coat. Rain-ready in four hours. UV defense against fading. Provides a mold- and mildew- resistant finish. Six-year protection on decks, eight years on fences & siding. See all Semi-Transparent Stain Colors. Opacity. Semi-Transparent.Oak tree types can be identified by their leaves, their acorns and bark, their habits, and the places where they grow. The sessile oak has leaves that are dark green on the top but...This penetrating, water-based stain opens up a world of possibilities in just one wood-grain-enhancing coat. Ideal for small projects, unfinished furniture, cabinets, doors and …Red Oak Floor Stains – Photo Guide. Written by Karen Sloan February 10, 2024. Get some ideas and advice for selecting red oak floor stains. I thought choosing an exterior paint color was hard. Scratch that. Choosing a stain color for our red oak hardwood floors was MUCH harder and more stressful than anything, in my opinion.Early American is a premium wood stain by Varathane (a sub-brand of Rust oleum). It is an oil based stain. It is dark brown in color with warm undertones. Early American goes onto wood very thickly – it is definitely a one coat stain. It has a very rich, pigmented color. Once you wipe off the excess stain, it really is a fast dry wood stain ...Oak tree types can be identified by their leaves, their acorns and bark, their habits, and the places where they grow. The sessile oak has leaves that are dark green on the top but...Instructions. Stain the wood and let it dry completely. Apply the joint compound heavily on the wood with a putty knife or a regular knife. Use the putty knife to "rake" most of the excess joint compound off of the wood. Rake in the direction of the wood grain.Jan 25, 2022 · Green is the opposite of red on the color wheel, so apparently when applied to red oak flooring, it theoretically should neutralize the pink/orange tones and leave you with a beautiful brown rather than enhancing the red. It seemed kinda crazy – obviously I didn’t want green floors. Wood stain recoats in 2 hours and covers 37 sq. ft. per 8 oz. About This Product. Varathane 8 oz. Weathered Oak Classic Wood Interior Stain (4-Pack) provides a rich natural color that beautifully enhances the wood grain. Applies easily with high quality synthetic brush, lint-free cloth or foam applicator. Customize color or achieve a darker ... Hardwood. Sports. 1. Size. 1 qt. 1. 1 gal. 2. Flooring contractors prefer Bona DriFast Stains; hardwood floor stains in 26 color options that can be easily mixed for customization.Aug 22, 2016 ... Minwax Weathered Oak stain; Minwax Polycrylic Matte; 2 foam brushes (to apply stain and polycrylic); Several dry, lint-free rags; Annie Sloan ...How to Make DIY Weathered Wood Stain. Put a pad of steel wool into an empty mason jar (I used a pint-sized jar). Pour your distilled white vinegar into the jar, making sure to cover the steel wool completely. Grab the lid to the jar and LOOSELY screw on the lid.Knowing which species of wood you’re dealing with can be one way to know if it has undertones, for example…. ALDER: can have golden red tones (red can mean ‘pink’) ASH: warm-yellow-golden tone. CHERRY: commonly has red/pink undertones. MAHOGANY: caters to red undertones. MAPLE: often has yellow or …Check out Varathane Weathered Gray – our full review & how it looks on 6 types of wood! Gray wood stain is a cool option for your DIY woodworking projects. Gray wood can look beachy, rustic, or modern. It’s a fun color to play around with. I was really excited to test out my favorite 8 gray wood stain colors on 6 …Since 1898, DuraSeal has been the leading manufacturer of premium wood floor finishes. Today, we continue to lead the way by providing a complete line of stains, sealers, finishes, fillers, and maintenance products that meet your changing needs and help your reputation grow. And with a large team of application experts and over 800 distributor .... RECLAMATION Stain is a reactive wood stain that creates various shades of gray, with color results based on wood species. Reclamation is not a pigmented stain, but instead will bring out the wood's existing natural beauty and colors. ... For a medium color, you can drench the wood and allow the oak to absorb the stain. For an even darker look ...Feb 3, 2022 · Check out Varathane Weathered Gray – our full review & how it looks on 6 types of wood! Gray wood stain is a cool option for your DIY woodworking projects. Gray wood can look beachy, rustic, or modern. It’s a fun color to play around with. I was really excited to test out my favorite 8 gray wood stain colors on 6 types of wood so you can ... May 1, 2021 ... Weathered Oak by Minwax is my favorite light stain to use on oak wood. It has a very warm tone to it with ever so slight gray undertones. It has ...Sherwin-Williams world of color doesn't stop with our paints - our wide variety of stains can enhance and protect any porch, deck, trim or siding as well as concrete driveways and walkways. Our interior wood finishing systems offer an unbeatable selection of colors and rich, thick formulas. Everything you need for a great-looking finish every time.I, like so many others, am facing the conundrum of achieving a not-too-warm medium brown stain on my red oak floors. I like provincial, but it reads a little warm for my taste. I tried some mixes with classic gray, but it makes the color dull-looking, IMO. I’ve read that mixing in weathered oak can achieve a similar cooling effect, so I’m ...The Best Wood Stains for Oak. So here we are, the best of the best! Here are all the best wood stains, from my experiment, for oak. I would love to know which one of these is your favorite! Please let me know in the comments! Minwax Jacobean. Minwax Red Mahogany. Minwax Dark Walnut. Minwax Espresso.For years, the world has been captivated by the mystery of Oak Island, a small island off the coast of Nova Scotia. Believed to hold a buried treasure, many have attempted to uncov...The Best Gray Stain Colors for Red Oak. Red Oak isn’t my favorite material for trying to get a gray stained look. As you can see below, none of these really take on a decent gray hew. Minwax Slate. Varathane Gray Stone. Varathane Classic Gray. Varathane Smoke Gray. Minwax Classic Gray.Hardwood. Sports. 1. Size. 1 qt. 1. 1 gal. 2. Flooring contractors prefer Bona DriFast Stains; hardwood floor stains in 26 color options that can be easily mixed for customization.You can make the stain color you like paler, according to Gail at Duraseal by adding their Neutral or Natural oil to the color you choose. Natural will lighten and add yellow when compared to Neutral, which will lighten with less yellowing. You mix even up to 75% Neutral with the stain. Trial and test.After lots of mixing & matching I came up with a Minwax stain mixture combination that worked perfectly for us! In the end, I mixed equal parts Special Walnut, Classic Gray & Weathered Oak to get a beautiful & timeless stain color. All of these colors mixed together turned out to be my favorite combination that isn’t …Find helpful customer reviews and review ratings for 1 qt Minwax 70047 Weathered Oak Wood Finish Oil-Based Wood Stain at Amazon.com. Read honest and unbiased product reviews from ... Shipping one-gallon cans of wood stain calls for the use of proper boxes. Helpful. Report Sally. 5.0 out of 5 stars Nothing Better than Minwax. … Designed for interior wood surfaces such as furniture, cabinets, doors, trim and more. For long-lasting protection, apply a Varathane polyurethane top coat. Covers up to 150 sq. ft. per quart. Semi-transparent formula. Wide color assortment - match colors to previously stained projects. Final coat dries in 4 hours. Varathane Weathered Gray. Minwax Shipboard. Minwax Classic Gray. Minwax Weathered Oak. Varathane Sunbleached. This post contains affiliate links for your convenience. There are probably hundreds of grey stains on the market, so I picked the ones that are the most used and get consistently the best results on varying species of …Exterior Stain. Fan Decks. Primer. Painting Tools. Specialty. Browse Full Catalog. Walls. Trim. Ceiling. Kitchen Cabinets. Brick Fireplace. Deck Stain. Outdoor Wood Furniture. Home Exterior ... Get your own digital color dollop of Weathered Oak 1050. Create My Dollop [object Object] Matching Colors. Mayonnaise. OC-85. … Weathered Oak MW270. Minwax® Wood Finish® Water-Based Semi-Transparent Color Stain. Semi-Transparent. *Minwax’s #1 claim above is based on Epicor's Industry Data Analytics and third-party survey results for interior wood stains for the 12 month period ending 12/21. Weathered Oak Not available. Liquid. US/Canada: (800) 424-9300 Mexico: CHEMTREC México 800-681-9531. Available 24 hours and 365 days per year SAFETY DATA SHEET Product name Other means of identification Product type Emergency telephone number of the company Section 1. Identification:::: Manufacturer :MINWAX Company 101 W. …Minwax® Wood Finish™. Minwax® Wood Finish™ is a penetrating oil-based wood stain, which provides beautiful rich color that enhances the natural wood grain. It applies easily, absorbs deep into the pores of the wood, and is ideal for staining unfinished wood furniture, cabinets, doors, trim, molding, and hardwood floors. …Above: 5” plank #1 red oak with minwax weathered oak stain with water based sealer. source. Above: Red oak flooring with a Duraseal Country White. Pros and Cons. Red oak is stain friendly and will soak up stains easily due to the porous nature, but the yellow undertones are not currently in vogue and what a lot of people try to mask. … Shop Minwax Wood Finish Water-Based Weathered Oak Mw270 Semi-Transparent Interior Stain (1-Quart) in the Interior Stains department at Lowe's.com. Minwax Wood Finish Semi-Transparent Color Stain is a penetrating, water-based stain that opens up a world of possibilities in just one wood-grain-enhancing coat Advice. special walnut and Weathered oak stain on Red Oak! Advice. We just had the red oak floors of our newly renovating home refinished and I am not sure if I love the color. The finished product looks so different from our sample. I still think the color is beautiful, it’s just not what I was expecting/wanting.Oak furniture is durable, attractive and easy to find, but it is heavy visually and physically. Oak is produced in a rustic style with the bark still on, or a leaner, more elegant ...Minwax 70047 Weathered Oak Interior Stain, 1-Quart, Wood Finish by Minwax. $29.99 $ 29. 99 ($0.94/fl oz) FREE delivery Jun 28 - 30 . Or fastest delivery Wed, Jun 28 . More results. Minwax 710470000 Finish Penetrating Interior Wood Stain, 1 Gallon (Pack of 1), Weathered Oak, 128 Fl Oz.Get free shipping on qualified Weathered Oak Interior Wood Stains products or Buy Online Pick Up in Store today in the Paint Department.About Premium Fast Dry Wood Stain. Bring out the beauty of natural wood—lightning fast—with Rust-Oleum® Varathane® Fast Dry Wood Stain. This high-performance stain features nano pigments, which intensify color clarity and highlight wood grain, delivering the perfect shade in just one coat. Achieves target …Jan 11, 2016 · Weathered Oak has been a huge favorite stain to work with. I refinished our kitchen table with it and love the subtle gray tone that it has. The stain looks very different on other types of wood. On both red and white oak it carries slightly tones, whereas on rosewood (like my table) or pine, it allows a slightly grayer, driftwood tone. Minwax® Wood Finish Solid Color Stain is a penetrating, water-based stain that opens up a world of possibilities in just one wood-grain-hiding coat. ... Classic Oak MW1191 Minwax® Wood Finish® Water-Based Solid Color Stain Solid. Solid Bombay Mahogany MW1192 ... Weathered Fence MW1087 Minwax® Wood Finish® Water-Based Solid Color Stain ... This penetrating, water-based stain opens up a world of possibilities in just one wood-grain-enhancing coat. Ideal for small projects, unfinished furniture, cabinets, doors and trim. WHERE TO BUY It took a lot of stain combinations and a very patient husband and contractor. The mix we ended up with was 60% Minwax weathered oak, 20% Minwax gray, 20% clear/neutral base. We went with a matte and slip resistant top coat from Bona. This has been great for our toddler and my klutzy self.The Minwax Performance Series Tintable Wood Stain 250 VOC can be recoated in 12 hours for solvent –based finishes and 24 hours for water-based finishes. Tintable in a wide …Stain & Paint Combinations | Clover Patch 0431 pairs well with Early American, Provincial, Special Walnut, Aged Oak, Weathered Wood, or Pickling White. Learn More. Stain & Paint Combinations | Day Spa 0634 pairs perfectly with Rich Mahogany, Dark Walnut, and Aged Oak. Learn More.It’s weather-, water- and rot-resistant, which means you can use it indoors and out. Once you’re ready to add color and depth, choose the Minwax ® wood stain that’s best for the job. Oil-based stains are extremely durable and work well on wood that'll be exposed to the elements, while a Minwax ® water-based stain makes an excellent ...Minwax® Wood Finish™ is a penetrating oil-based wood stain, which provides beautiful rich color that enhances the natural wood grain. Our innovative formula delivers the same premium oil-rich color as before, but in a single coat that dries in just two hours. Start your project today and finish today with faster dry time.Here are the ten wood stains that we tested on this type of wood: Early American by Varathane. Dark Walnut by Minwax. Briarsmoke by Varathane. Puritan Pine by Minwax. Classic Gray by Minwax. White Wash by Varathane. Walrus Oil cutting board oil. Weathered Oak by Minwax.Architect: Richard Warner General Contractor: Allen Construction Photo Credit: Jim Bartsch Award Winner: Master Design Awards, Best of Show Mid-sized trendy l-shaped light wood floor and beige floor open concept kitchen photo in Santa Barbara with flat-panel cabinets, light wood cabinets, quartz countertops, white backsplash, stone slab backsplash, an …The RGB values for Valspar 347-3 Weathered Oak are 189, 174, 157 and the HEX code is #BDAE9D. The LRV for Valspar 347-3 Weathered Oak is 43.67. The LRV stands for Light Reflectance Value and measures the percentage of light that a color reflects. Learn more about using RGB and Hex codes for matching colors and Light Reflectance Values.They introduced 6 new gray and gray blended stains. These are part of Duraseal’s Inspired Stain line. These innovative gray stain blends range from light rustic tones to time-worn grays to deep brown and gray blends. These new stains are more charming, more contemporary and have more pigment than the gray, whitewash and weathered oak stains.270. COLOR INFORMATION. FAMILY. Brown. Opacity. Semi-Transparent. Always test stain on a hidden area of the wood to verify desired color. Wood species will impact final …Advice. special walnut and Weathered oak stain on Red Oak! Advice. We just had the red oak floors of our newly renovating home refinished and I am not sure if I love the color. The finished product looks so different from our sample. I still think the color is beautiful, it’s just not what I was expecting/wanting.About This Product. Varathane 1 qt. Weathered Oak Classic Wood Interior Stain (2-Pack) provides a rich natural color that beautifully enhances the wood grain. Applies easily with high quality synthetic brush, lint-free cloth or foam applicator. Customize color or achieve a darker color by adding additional coats.1- 1 1/2 cups of water (the more water the better) ( if you want a darker color use less water) I stored this weathered wood stain in an old glass jar, or mason jar. It will last long enough for you to use it on all your DIY projects. This stain is a good choice to use on the more inexpensive pieces of wood you might choose to use.Weathered oak is a gray/tan stain. It’s pretty sheer, so it will tone down the color rather than change it. If your floors have a reddish undertone, weathered oak will … This penetrating, water-based stain opens up a world of possibilities in just one wood-grain-enhancing coat. Ideal for small projects, unfinished furniture, cabinets, doors and trim. WHERE TO BUY EASY TO APPLY – Use a clean cloth or wood stain brush to apply this wood stain in the direction of the grain. Wait 5-15 minutes and wipe away excess stain. The longer you wait, the darker/richer the color. Reapply coats for deeper color. WEATHERED OAK WOOD STAIN – This beautiful natural wood stain offers a light to medium oak color. ---1